Khilafat Movement or Indian Muslim Movement (1919-1924)

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In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire. The khilafat movement was launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Abdul kalam Azad to restore the Khalifa of the Ottoman khalifat who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority.
 
  Ali brothers


It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the Khalifa and the Ottoman empire after the First world war by the Treaty of Sevres. The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, initiated a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement against the Britishers, Indian National Congress (INC) also supported their cause and joined them.


The movement collapsed by late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic position and moved towards secularism. By 1924 Turkey simply abolished the role of Khalifa.

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