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Suffrage: the right to vote During the French Revolution,  which resulted the first political experiment in liberal democracy,  the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to -property-owning men. The suffrage was not given to - Men without property and -all women were excluded from political rights. But only  for a brief  period under the Jacobins did all adult males enjoy suffrage. However, the Napoleonic Code went back to limited suffrage and reduced women to the status of a minor, subject to the authority of  fathers and husbands Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries women and non-propertied men organised opposition movements demanding equal political rights.

If we look at the map of mid eighteenth century Europe there were no nations as we know today, at that time Europe was divided in to different kingdoms which were under autocratic monarchies . These autocrats were neither similar nor share a collective identity and they spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups. ARIST OCRACY Aristocracy was the dominant class in Europe.  they are regionally different but had common way of life their families were often connected by ties of marriages the majority of the population in Europe consisted peasantry, but most of the peasants didn't  own lands , the majority of the lands were cultivated by serfs. Serfs serfs were the lowest social class of the feudal society. serfs  were different from slaves. serfs  could have property. In most serfdoms,  serfs  were legally part of the land, and    if the land was sold, they were sold with it. Serfdom is the forc...

    The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations,  a  print prepared by Frédéric Sorrieu,  1848. During the 18th the people of the European countries were not happy with the monarchism. so people in the European countries started overthrowing the monarchy and eventually democracy was introduced to the world. This democracy forged through different struggles. here we are going to study some important struggles. before going into history we need to understand some of the important terms like: 1.Liberty: The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views 2.Nationalism: Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. 3.Fraternity: A group of people sharing a common profession or interests. the people wanted a liberal nation wher...

 The Storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in (1789-1799). In 1789 France was under the rule of an absolute monarch.The political and constitutional changes that came along with the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.   King Louis XVI 's government was blamed for mishandling the fiscal crisis in 1780's following are the things happened during the french revolution: 1. All are equal under the constitution. 2. A new french tricolor flag was designed to replace the former royal flag 3. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens 4.oaths were taken and martyrs commemorated 5. A centralized administrative system was set up for formulating uniform laws for all citizens. 6.Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. 7.French became the commo...